Why is genetic variation important for a population?

Genetic variation is crucial for the survival and adaptability of a population because it provides the raw material for natural selection. When a population shows a variety of genetic traits, some individuals may possess advantageous characteristics that allow them to survive better in changing environments. This might include resistance to diseases, the ability to find food, or capabilities to withstand climate changes. As environmental pressures change, those individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to reproduce and pass those traits on to the next generation, thus enhancing the overall fitness of the population.

In contrast to promoting extinction or limiting adaptability, which are concerns associated with low genetic diversity, genetic variation supports resilience. A diverse gene pool ensures that some members of a population can cope with challenges such as new diseases or shifts in the ecosystem. This adaptability is essential for long-term survival and contributes to the overall health and sustainability of the population.