Why is genetic variation essential for a species' survival?

Genetic variation is essential for a species' survival because it facilitates adaptation to environmental changes. In a dynamic environment, species encounter various challenges, including shifts in climate, availability of resources, and the presence of predators or pathogens. When a population exhibits a high level of genetic diversity, there are more potential traits available that individuals can express. These diverse traits may include variations in behavior, physiology, and resistance to diseases, which can enhance the overall survival of the population.

Through natural selection, those individuals with traits better suited to the current environmental conditions are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits on to future generations. In contrast, if a population lacks genetic variation, it may struggle to adapt to changing conditions, making it more vulnerable to extinction. This adaptability is crucial for the long-term resilience of species, allowing them to thrive in varying environments and uncertainties.