Which type of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?

Igneous rock is formed from the solidification of magma or lava. When magma cools and crystallizes beneath the Earth's surface, it creates intrusive igneous rocks, such as granite. Conversely, when lava cools and solidifies on the surface of the Earth, it results in extrusive igneous rocks, such as basalt. This process can occur over a wide range of temperatures and pressures, leading to a variety of igneous rocks with different textures and mineral compositions.

The other types of rocks mentioned do not fit this definition. Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, often in layers, over time. Metamorphic rocks are created when existing rocks, whether igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks, undergo changes due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Organic rock, typically referring to certain types of sedimentary rock, is formed from the remains of living organisms, such as coal from plant material. Each of these processes distinctly sets them apart from the formation of igneous rock.