Which of the following best describes matter?

Matter is best described as anything that has mass and takes up space because these are the fundamental properties that define matter in scientific terms. Mass refers to the quantity of matter in an object, while taking up space indicates that matter occupies volume. These characteristics apply to all states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, thus providing a comprehensive definition that encompasses all forms of matter regardless of their physical state. This definition is foundational in physics and chemistry, allowing for the classification and understanding of substances in the universe.

While other descriptions may incorporate some aspects of matter—such as color and texture, observable qualities, or phase classifications—the core definition relates specifically to mass and volume which are universal properties applicable to all matter.