What type of macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids are the type of macromolecule primarily responsible for storing genetic information. This is largely due to the structure and function of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which encodes the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The specific sequence of these nucleotides constitutes the genetic code, which is crucial for heredity and the expression of traits.

In contrast, proteins serve various roles, including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules, but they do not store genetic information directly. Carbohydrates primarily serve as energy sources and structural components in cells, and while they can play roles in cell signaling and recognition, they do not function in the storage of genetic material. Similarly, lipids are involved in energy storage, forming membranes, and signaling but are not responsible for genetic information storage. Therefore, nucleic acids unequivocally stand out as the macromolecules dedicated to this critical function.