What does the amplitude of a wave represent?

The amplitude of a wave represents the height of the wave, specifically the maximum distance that the wave's displacement reaches from its rest position or equilibrium point. In a graphical representation, the amplitude is measured from the midpoint (or equilibrium line) to the peak (crest) of the wave or to the lowest point (trough). Higher amplitudes indicate more energy carried by the wave, which is particularly evident in sound waves where louder sounds correspond to greater amplitudes. Understanding amplitude is essential in various fields such as physics, engineering, and music, as it directly relates to the energy and intensity of waves, irrespective of the type of wave being analyzed.