What defines an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. This definition underscores the interconnectedness of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and their non-living surroundings such as air, water, and soil. In an ecosystem, these components interact in various ways, such as through food webs, nutrient cycles, and energy flow, contributing to the system's overall stability and resilience.

By encompassing both the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements, this definition captures the complexity and interdependence that characterize ecosystems, highlighting the importance of both types of components in maintaining the ecological balance and supporting life. The interactions within an ecosystem are fundamental to processes such as reproduction, decomposition, and nutrient cycling, which sustain the community over time.

Understanding ecosystems in this holistic manner enables scientists and ecologists to better assess environmental health, biodiversity, and the impacts of human activity on natural systems.